A subluxation is the condition of a single or multiple spinal vertebrae that has lost its/their proper alignment (caused by physical, chemical or emotional trauma), relative to surrounding vertebrae, that causes pathomechanical stress on the vertebrae's joints and discs that, if left uncorrected, can lead to degenerative joint and disc disease, compromised neural integrity and a reduced state of overall health.  This is why so many people with various ailments and symptoms seem to benefit from chiropractic adjustments and report not just improvement in their main complaint of musculoskeletal pain but also improved organ system function and general health. 

A subluxation is evaluated, diagnosed, and managed through the use of chiropractic procedures based on the best available rational and empirical evidence that can include findings such as abnormal spinal posture, measurable reduced spinal range of motion, paraspinal muscle spasm with tenderness, tenderness of the affected vertebrae, measurable paraspinal heat differences and measurable abnormal neuroconductivity of the affected muscles....and sometimes, but not always...general pain.

Note: A chiropractic subluxation differs from a medical subluxation where a medical subluxation refers to a dislocation or fracture.